For reference, I live in Baltimore. With that in mind:
Backyard: Pachirisu (can also be a Headbutt pokemon), Buneary, Pidgey (Morning and Day), Wurmple, Silcoon, Beautifly (Morning and Day), Cascoon, Dustox (Night), Venonat (Night), Venomoth (Night), Combee, Pineco (Headbutt), Seedot (Headbutt), Nuzleaf (Headbutt), Spinarak (Night), Sunkern (because my mom likes to feed the birds sunflower seeds), Budew, Roselia, Volbeat (Night only during the Summer), Illumise (Night only during the Summer), Ledyba (Morning), Burmy, Mothim (Night), Hoothoot (Night), Noctowl (Night), Meowth (more common at Night), Hoppip, Skiploom, Jumpluff, Zorua (Swarm- foxes and rabbits seem to be fighting for dominance where I live. Right now, the rabbits are winning) Nincada (Swarm),
Park- Pidgey (Morning and Day), Caterpie, Metapod, Weedle, Kakuna, Wurmple, Silcoon, Cascoon, Ekans, Shroomish, Kricketot (Day only), Kricketune (Day only), Spinarak (Night), Magikarp (Fish), Corphish (Fish), Poliwag (Fish)
City- Pidgey, Rattata, Raticate, Meowth, Murkrow (Night)
Harbor- Wingull, Grimer (Fish- unfortunately, the harbor is the city dump), Muk (Fish), Magikarp (Fish), Krabby (Fish), Kingler (Fish with Super Rod)
Outside the City- Pikachu, Seedot (Headbutt), Nuzleaf (Headbutt), Pineco (Headbutt), Budew, Roselia, Pachirisu, Buneary, Caterpie, Metapod, Weedle, Kakuna, Combee, Sunkern, Sunflora, Shroomish, Murkrow, Nincada (Swarm), Zorua (Swarm), Poliwag (Can also Surf and Fish for), Poliwhirl (Can also Surf and Fish for), Magikarp (Surf and Fish), Goldeen (Fish), Seaking (Fish with Super Rod), Corphish (Fish)
Chesapeake Bay- Squirtle, Wingull(Can also Surf for), Pelipper (Can also Surf for), Krabby (Can also Fish with Old and Good Rod), Mantyke (Surf), Mantine (Surf), Tentacool (Surf and Old Rod), Carvanha (Surf and Good Rod and Super Rod), Sharpedo (Surf and Good Rod and Super Rod), Kingler (Super Rod), Shellder (Good Rod), Clamperl (Good and Super Rod), Magikarp (Old and Good Rod), Gyarados (Good and Super Rod), Feebas (Old and Good Rod), Staryu (Good Rod), Horsea (Good Rod), Seadra (Super Rod), Chinchou (Super Rod), Lanturn (Super Rod)
Beach (Not really close to home since it's about 50 miles away, but I want to do it anyway)- Azurill, Marill, Wingull (Can also Surf for), Pelipper (Can also Surf for), Krabby (Can also Fish with Old and Good Rod), Corphish (Can also Fish with Good Rod), Crawdaunt (Can also Fish with Super Rod), Mantyke (Surf), Mantine (Surf), Tentacool (Surf and Old and Good Rod), Carvanha (Surf and Good Rod), Sharpedo (Surf and Super Rod), Magikarp (Old and Good Rod), Gyarados (Good Rod and Super Rod), Kingler (Good and Super Rod), Staryu (Good Rod), Shellder (Good Rod), Clamperl (Good and Super Rod)
Legendaries: Phione, Manaphy (It wouldn't originate from here, though, because the climate is too warm), Kyogre, Shaymin, Celebi