It was announced today that Anita Bryant had passed away in December 2024 at age 84.
Anita Bryant was a singer and Christian activist best known for her opposition to gay rights from 1977 to 1980. I just want to take a moment to reflect on how she influenced and changed American politics. Bryant was born in Oklahoma to a US army officer. She grew up in poverty but gained success as a Gospel singer after winning the Miss Oklahoma pageant in 1958. She sang "battle hymn of the republic" at the funeral of President Lyndon Johnson. From 1969 to 1980 she was the spokesperson for the Florida Citrus Commission where she became well known for the phrase "a day without orange juice is like a day without sunshine."
In 1977 Dade County passed an ant-discrimination ordinance which barred discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. Bryant led a highly publicised campaign as the leader of an organisation called "save our children" to support a referendum to overturn the ordinance. The premise of her campaign was that the ordinance risked requiring religious schools to hire gay and lesbian people as teachers. Most perniciously she argued the idea that homosexuality was linked to child abuse. This prompted a backlash and a boycott effort of Florida oranges by the Gay community. This eventually led to her loosing her contract with the Citrus Commission and an eventual bankruptcy.
Bryant is widely derided and one of the most often cited moments from her campaign is when she was "pied" in the face by an activist (after which she said the line "at least it was a fruit pie."). But despite the backlash, her anti-gay campaign was widely successful. The referendum to repeal the Dade ordinance passed by a margin of 2-1. Following the vote the State of Florida banned same-sex adoption. The ordinance would not be reinstated by the county until 1997 and same-sex adoption was only legalised in the state in 2010. Her "save our children" coalition successfully campaigned to repeal ordinances in St. Paul Minnesota, Wichita Kansas, and Eugene Oregon (which was regarded as a relatively gay friendly city). Her activism and the discourse it generated became a springboard for the Briggs Initiative in California, which was unsuccessful.
Tim Miller from the Bulwark (a former aide to Jeb Bush and who is openly gay himself) wrote on 'X' that "Didn’t realize Anita Bryant had lived to see her entire political project get ground to dust. That’s tough. RIP." I have seen others echo similar sentiments, not always as politely.
As much as I like Tim Miller, don’t think Bryant was as unsuccessful as many make her out to have been.
Anita Byrant's was instrumental in the rise of the Christian right who have dominated GOP politics. "Save our children" became the blueprint for what became Jerry Falwell's moral majority, which in turn mobilised conservative christians into a political force. Ronald Reagan married Falwell's majority to the republican party and they helped him win the presidential election of 1980 over Jimmy Carter in a landslide. As communications profession at Florida Atlantic University explains "back in 1977, there was no organized religious right, per se. Anita Bryant was a pioneer."
Before Falwell and Reagan evangelical Christians had voted for Jimmy Carter, as he was one of them.
The religious right has been a core voting demographic for the republican party ever since, and republican politics has been dominated anti-gay sentiment and politics. President George W. Bush lent on religious voters to secure a decisive win over John Kerry in the election of 2004 after proposing an amendment to the US constitution to ban same sex marriage outright in his state of the union address earlier that year. 31 states would amend their constitutions to ban recognition of same sex marriages between 1998 and 2012. While these bans were rendered null and void by the Supreme Court's Obergefell ruling in 2015, only Nevada formally repealed their ban. After the ruling an anti-trans backlash has reign in the GOP with 26 states passing restrictions on gender affirming care for minors, and Florida passing it's parental right's in education law which restricts discussion in schools on certain topics, including sexual orientation.
The legacy of Anita Byrant is not dust...It's the modern GOP
Following the presidential election of 2024 Republicans control the white house and both chambers of the congress, and control the majority of state legislatures and governors mansions. The Supreme Court has a 6-3 conservative majority, and it's possible that Justices Alito and Thomas could resign in the next two years giving Donald Trump the ability to cement the conservative majority for a generation. Justices Sotomayor and Kagan are the only members of the majority opinion in Obergefell who remain on the court. Without going into matters of jurisprudence, if the Dobbs decision is anything to go by, we should not assume that Obergefell or any of the other gay rights decision such as Lawrence won't be overturned - Dobbs certainly showed that conservatives are capable of playing the long game when it comes to decisions they don't like. In 2024 polling suggested that support for same sex marriage had declined in America.
For the first time since PRRI’s American Values Atlas began tracking nationwide support for three key policies — nondiscrimination protections, religiously based service refusals, and same-sex marriage — PRRI found a decline in support for LGBTQ rights across all three measures in the past year.
www.prri.org
Even if the Democrats take back the white house in 2028, the question for the next half of the decade might be whether it will the be the legacy of Stonewall that is ground to dust.